Month: October 2018

Sub-surface drip irrigation is an irrigation technique that varies from the conventional practices which most individuals are used to. Unlike surface irrigation or traditional drip irrigation, this method uses drip tubes buried under the soil surface to supply water to plant roots. The depths at which the drip tubes are buried depend on the crop being watered and the farming practices employed. It is a costly watering system because it requires expert design and maintenance, but the fact that it delivers water directly to plants roots makes it very effective.

Sub-surface irrigation eliminates many of the effects of conventional irrigation methods such as ponding, surface infiltration, surface water runoff (leading to erosion), and excessive water losses through evaporation. Water moves out of the drip tubes in all directions and wets the soil around roots. With a well-managed sub-surface irrigation system, it possible to maintain a high degree of uniform water application throughout your fields. Plus, water is only applied underground instead of to the soil surface where weeds could easily germinate. This reduces weed growth and makes it possible for crops to enjoy more nutrients from the soil.

Best Applications

• In arid, semi-arid, hot and windy areas – The system is best for such areas with low rainfall and limited water supply because of its low evaporation rates compared to conventional irrigation methods. Countries such as Israel heavily rely on this technique in their farming.

• For weed control – The system can help reduce weed growth substantially.

• Growing crops that require dry surface conditions – Some crops benefit from a drier soil surface and foliage because of reduced potential for fungal diseases.

• Medium and large-scale production – The system is relatively complex and in most cases automated, so it’s not best for small-scale farming.

If you are considering sub-surface irrigation, contact W.P. Law, Inc. today for more information!

If you are planning on having a well drilled or you are a new well owner, it is essential to know well basics.

Types of wells

• Driven wells – They are made by driving a pipe with a well point into shallow water-bearing gravel or sand.

• Dug wells – They are wells excavated by hand using a shovel to a level that is below the water table. They are usually lined with tiles, stones or bricks. They are shallow and easily get contaminated.

• Drilled wells – they are constructed using a rotary drilling machine. They are usually more than 100 feet deep.

Well contamination

It is easy to contaminate a well especially if it was not well constructed. Contaminants can easily slip into the well if toxic materials are dumped close to the well and leach into the aquifer contaminating the groundwater. Consumption of water from a contaminated well can be dangerous. It is essential to have your well tested on a regular basis for pathogens, contaminants and other chemicals.

Potential sources of contamination include;

• Microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses

• Nitrate and nitrite present in human waste and chemical fertilizers

• Heavy metals

• Fluoride

• Radionuclides

Protecting your well from contamination

Proper well maintenance which includes an inspection every ten years is important. You should also install a well cap to prevent hazardous materials from falling into the well. Use caution around the well and do not put any dangerous substances close to it.

If you are planning to own a well in the future, talk to the experts at W.P. Law Incorporated.